The leaving age had been forced up to eleven and the school ...

The leaving age had been forced up to eleven and the school life lengthened to four years.

But the cellar and the pedlar still flourished, a substantial proportion of the children were still not taught to write and only a tiny fraction got very much beyond.

Billy Lowe, introducing payment by results,

with the catchphrase: 'if dear efficient,

if inefficient cheap', succeeded for

the first and last

time in interesting the English public in an education debate without the sectarian spice.

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